For those who’ve been gardening for a couple of years or for those who wish to start, garlic is a great plant to grow in your garden. Here we are going to explain to you step by step so that you can understand how to grow garlic for the first time and get the best yield.
Understanding Garlic Varieties
Before you start growing garlic, it’s essential to understand the different types available. There are two main garlic varieties: hardneck and softneck.
Hardneck Garlic
Hardneck garlic is known for its robust flavor and is often preferred by gourmet chefs. This variety thrives in colder climates and produces a flower stalk called a scape, which is also edible. Some popular hardneck types include Rocambole, Purple Stripe, and Porcelain.
Softneck Garlic
Softneck garlic, on the other hand, is better suited for warmer climates and has a milder flavor. It doesn’t produce scapes and is commonly used for making garlic braids due to its pliable stems. Varieties like Silverskin and Artichoke are popular choices for home gardeners.
Choosing the right variety for your climate and culinary needs is the first step toward a successful garlic harvest.
Preparing for Planting
Timing
Garlic is typically planted in the fall, about 4-6 weeks before the ground freezes. This timing allows the cloves to establish roots before winter sets in. If you live in a warmer climate, you can also plant garlic in early spring.
Location
Garlic needs a sunny spot to thrive, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight each day. Whether you’re planting in the ground or containers, ensure your chosen location meets this requirement.
Soil Preparation
Garlic prefers well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Start by loosening the soil to a depth of 8-12 inches using a garden fork or tiller. Incorporate compost or aged manure to enhance soil fertility and drainage. If you’re planting in containers, use a high-quality potting mix that retains moisture but also drains well.
Step-by-Step Garlic Planting Guide
Step 1: Separating the Cloves
Just before planting, separate the garlic bulb into individual cloves. Be careful to keep the papery skin intact as it protects the cloves from disease and pests.
Step 2: Planting the Cloves
In the Ground
- Dig Holes: Plant each clove pointed side up, about 2-4 inches deep.
- Spacing: Space the cloves 6 inches apart in rows that are 12 inches apart.
In Containers
- Select a Container: Use a container that is at least 12 inches deep with drainage holes.
- Planting: Plant each clove pointed side up, 2-4 inches deep, and 4 inches apart.
Step 3: Cover and Water
Cover the planted cloves with soil and water them thoroughly. This initial watering is crucial to help the cloves establish roots.
Watering and Mulching
Consistent Watering
Garlic needs consistent moisture to grow well, especially during the first few months. Water the garlic deeply every 7-10 days, more often if the weather is particularly dry. Be careful not to overwater, as garlic dislikes sitting in soggy soil.
Mulching
Apply a layer of mulch, such as straw or shredded leaves, around the garlic plants. Mulching helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds. Plus, it provides an added layer of protection against extreme temperatures.
Caring for Your Garlic Plants
Fertilizing
While garlic doesn’t require heavy feeding, providing a balanced fertilizer at the time of planting can boost growth. In early spring, when the shoots begin to emerge, apply a high-nitrogen fertilizer to encourage healthy leaf growth. Compost or fish emulsion are great organic options.
Weeding
Keep the area around your garlic free of weeds. Weeds compete for nutrients and water, which can hinder garlic growth. Regularly check for and remove any weeds that appear.
Pest and Disease Management
Garlic is relatively resistant to pests, but it’s still important to keep an eye out for issues such as aphids and fungal diseases like white rot. Use organic insecticidal soap or neem oil to control pests. Ensure good air circulation around the plants and avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Harvesting and Storing Your Garlic
When to Harvest
Garlic is ready to harvest when the lower leaves start to turn brown, usually in mid to late summer. The exact timing depends on your climate and the variety of garlic you’ve grown.
Harvesting
Carefully lift the bulbs out of the ground using a garden fork. Avoid pulling them by the leaves, as this can damage the bulbs. Gently brush off any excess soil.
Curing and Storing
- Curing: Lay the harvested garlic bulbs out to dry in a well-ventilated, shaded area for 2-3 weeks. Curing helps enhance the storage life of the garlic.
- Cleaning: After curing, brush off any remaining soil and trim the roots and stems.
- Storing: Store the cured garlic in a cool, dry place with good air circulation. Properly stored garlic can last for several months, allowing you to enjoy your homegrown harvest well into the winter.
Growing Garlic in Containers
For those with limited garden space, growing garlic in containers is an excellent option.
Choosing the Right Container
Select a large container that is at least 12 inches deep and wide enough to space cloves 4 inches apart. Ensure it has adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Potting Mix
Fill the container with a high-quality potting mix that retains moisture but drains well. Avoid using garden soil as it may compact and hinder root growth.
Planting and Care
Plant the garlic cloves as described earlier, spacing them 4 inches apart and 2-4 inches deep. Water the container regularly, as container-grown garlic may dry out faster than garden-planted garlic. Fertilize with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 3-4 weeks during the growing season.
Harvesting
Container-grown garlic can be harvested just like garden-grown garlic. Follow the same guidelines for harvesting, curing, and storing.
Conclusion
Garlic is quite easy to grow and is one of the most satisfying garden crops that anybody can undertake. You should be aware of these tips and guidelines and if followed properly you will be able to harvest your garlic with flavoursome bulbs.
